{"id":23,"date":"2021-09-05T23:22:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-05T21:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/?p=23"},"modified":"2021-10-01T22:38:52","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T20:38:52","slug":"le-langage-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/?p=23","title":{"rendered":"Le langage python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more--><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-very-light-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">1) Introduction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;informatique est un domaine d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 scientifique, technique et industriel concernant le traitement automatique de l&rsquo;information par des machines qui ex\u00e9cutent des programmes informatiques. On entend par machines les syst\u00e8mes embarqu\u00e9s, les ordinateurs, les robots, les automates, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/flowRoot9531.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15\"\/><figcaption> <br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/interstices.info\/les-donnees-en-question\/\">https:\/\/interstices.info\/les-donnees-en-question\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interstices.info\/comment-fonctionne-une-machine-de-turing\/\">https:\/\/interstices.info\/comment-fonctionne-une-machine-de-turing\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grace aux travaux de Turing Von Neumann a d\u00e9fini en 1944 l\u2019architechture d\u2019un ordinateur.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/interstices.info\/le-modele-darchitecture-de-von-neumann\/\">https:\/\/interstices.info\/le-modele-darchitecture-de-von-neumann\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/vn.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19\" width=\"461\" height=\"241\"\/><figcaption>  Mod\u00e8le de Von Neumann&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019unit\u00e9 de commande ou de contr\u00f4le r\u00e9cup\u00e8re les informations dans la m\u00e9moire et donne les ordres \u00e0 l\u2019UAL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019unit\u00e9 arithm\u00e9tique et logique ALU (ou UAL) \u00e9xecute les instructions du programme une par une en commencant par la premi\u00e8re (cacluls , les op\u00e9rations logiques les comparaisons.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les entr\u00e9s et sorties permettent\nde communiquer avec le monde ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La m\u00e9moire stocke le programme (\ndonn\u00e9es et instructions) en binaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-very-light-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">2)Le binaire<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pixees.fr\/compter-en-binaire\/\">https:\/\/pixees.fr\/compter-en-binaire\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jNqTJ0NcGjU\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"310\" height=\"180\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Le syst\u00e8me d\u00e9cimal est un syst\u00e8me de num\u00e9ration de position en base 10 . Les unit\u00e9s les dizaines les centaines sont des puissances de 10. Exemple du nombre 235 \u00e9crit dans notre base naturelle .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/23510.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"> Le syst\u00e8me binaire est un syst\u00e8me de num\u00e9ration de position en base 2 . Les unit\u00e9s les dizaines les centaines sont des puissances de 2. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">1- A l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;un  tableur ou d&rsquo;une calculatrice remplacer les puissances de 10 du tableau ci-dessus par des puissances de 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">2- Exploiter le tableau pour \u00e9crire 235 en base 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/2352.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">3-Utiliser la calculatrice de windows en mode programmeur pour effectuer les changements de base dans les deux sens afin de v\u00e9rifier le r\u00e9sultat obtenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">4-Expliquez le r\u00e9sultat donn\u00e9 par la calcultrice <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/calc.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">5-Le programme \u00ab&nbsp;Hello world&nbsp;!&nbsp;\u00bb &nbsp;en langage machine est aussi &nbsp;\u00e9crit en hexad\u00e9cimal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/hwassembleur-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">6- Mettre la calculatrice en hexad\u00e9cimal et saisissez les deux premi\u00e8res lettres \u00ab\u00a0BA\u00a0\u00bb du code hexad\u00e9cimal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\">Observer le r\u00e9sultat en binaire.Que remarquez vous&nbsp;? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sans-titre-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-very-light-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">3)Le langage python<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sans-titre-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Les machines ne travaillent<strong> <\/strong>qu\u2019avec des donn\u00e9es binaires et le langage machine qui est un langage de bas niveau.La programmation avec un langage de haut niveau comme python plus proche de notre langage naturel facilite le travail du programmeur.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> Python est r\u00e9put\u00e9 \u00eatre facile \u00e0 apprendre concis et clair.<br> C\u2019est un langage open source ce qui signifie que sa licence respecte les crit\u00e8res :<br> \u2022    Acc\u00e8s au code source<br> \u2022    Cr\u00e9ations de produit d\u00e9riv\u00e9s<br> \u2022    Libre redistribution<br> Outils utilis\u00e9s pour coder en python<br> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour coder en python il vous faudra un&nbsp; EDI (Environnement de D\u00e9veloppement Int\u00e9gr\u00e9) ou IDE (Integrated d\u00e9veloppement&nbsp;environnement)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<p id=\"block-59d7c96f-2407-43b6-bd75-ce0bbd7c938c\" class=\"block-editor-rich-text__editable block-editor-block-list__block wp-block wp-block-paragraph rich-text\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Bloc paragraphe\" data-block=\"59d7c96f-2407-43b6-bd75-ce0bbd7c938c\" data-type=\"core\/paragraph\" data-title=\"Paragraphe\" data-empty=\"false\" contenteditable=\"true\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"n3VNCb alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/taiwebs.com\/upload\/icons\/thonny220-220.png\" alt=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger Thonny 3.2.6\" data-noaft=\"1\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\">Thonny est est un excellent IDE Python, en particulier pour les d\u00e9butants.<a href=\"https:\/\/thonny.org\/\">https:\/\/thonny.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"block-439231ff-19ef-4e92-91b2-4e29e5c97aad\" class=\"block-editor-rich-text__editable block-editor-block-list__block wp-block wp-block-paragraph rich-text\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Bloc paragraphe\" data-block=\"439231ff-19ef-4e92-91b2-4e29e5c97aad\" data-type=\"core\/paragraph\" data-title=\"Paragraphe\" data-empty=\"false\" contenteditable=\"true\">L\u00e9ger son installation est tr\u00e8s facile et int\u00e8gre une version r\u00e9cente de python.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/video-spe-phy\/installthonny.mp4\">http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/video-spe-phy\/installthonny.mp4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p id=\"block-aae7dac2-005e-491f-9b31-d6c15b277374\" class=\"block-editor-rich-text__editable block-editor-block-list__block wp-block wp-block-paragraph rich-text\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Bloc paragraphe\" data-block=\"aae7dac2-005e-491f-9b31-d6c15b277374\" data-type=\"core\/paragraph\" data-title=\"Paragraphe\" data-empty=\"false\" contenteditable=\"true\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"n3VNCb alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/softwareengineeringdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/replit-logo.png?resize=730%2C389&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Repl.it: Browser Coding with Amjad Masad - Software Engineering Daily\" data-noaft=\"1\" width=\"164\" height=\"88\">REPL.it est une interface en ligne permettant de programmer en python. Elle est disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse suivante&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/repl.it\/languages\/python3\">https:\/\/repl.it\/languages\/python3<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p id=\"block-a4497a41-f7bf-4c00-8d29-aa79e122fd08\" class=\"block-editor-rich-text__editable block-editor-block-list__block wp-block wp-block-paragraph rich-text\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Bloc paragraphe\" data-block=\"a4497a41-f7bf-4c00-8d29-aa79e122fd08\" data-type=\"core\/paragraph\" data-title=\"Paragraphe\" data-empty=\"false\" contenteditable=\"true\">Pour les utilisateurs plus avanc\u00e9s l\u2019utilisation de jupyter notebook est une alternative int\u00e9ressante pour le partage et l\u2019illustration du cours. Il est pr\u00e9sent sur anaconda, winpython.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1662 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/mohanma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/colab.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mohanma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/colab.png 260w, https:\/\/mohanma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/colab-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/mohanma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/colab-100x100.png 100w\" alt=\"\" width=\"125\" height=\"125\">Avec collaboratory Il suffit d\u2019une adresse gmail et du drive google associ\u00e9. La vid\u00e9o ci-dessous (2\u201955) vous montre comment l\u2019utiliser sans rien avoir \u00e0 installer.<\/p>\n<p id=\"block-6c54bccc-277c-4dcf-ad3f-efe4b59bd58f\" class=\"block-editor-rich-text__editable block-editor-block-list__block wp-block wp-block-paragraph rich-text\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Bloc paragraphe\" data-block=\"6c54bccc-277c-4dcf-ad3f-efe4b59bd58f\" data-type=\"core\/paragraph\" data-title=\"Paragraphe\" data-empty=\"false\" contenteditable=\"true\"><a href=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/video-spe-phy\/colaboratory.mp4\" data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/video-spe-phy\/colaboratory.mp4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tester les 7 op\u00e9rations suivantes: + ;  &#8211; ; * ;**; \/ ;\/\/ ;%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/nsi2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/operations.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Pour enregistrer et ex\u00e9cuter plusieurs lignes de codes&nbsp; il faut quitter le mode console et passer en &nbsp;mode \u00e9dition en cliquant dans l&rsquo;onglet File.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":177,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23\/revisions\/177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}