{"id":1669,"date":"2022-05-09T17:43:48","date_gmt":"2022-05-09T15:43:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/?p=1669"},"modified":"2022-05-10T11:38:19","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T09:38:19","slug":"systemes-dexploitation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/2022\/05\/09\/systemes-dexploitation\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019exploitation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"768\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-3-768x200-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1671\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-3-768x200-1.png 768w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-3-768x200-1-300x78.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis le chapitre architecture mat\u00e9rielle nous savons que la machine (mat\u00e9riel informatique) ne comprend que le langage machine. Nous avons utilis\u00e9 l\u2019assembleur pour \u00ab&nbsp;communiquer&nbsp;\u00bb avec elle. La programmation en assembleur n\u2019est pas n\u2019est pas simple comme nous avons pu le constater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffc5c5\"><strong>Le syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation ou os (operating syst\u00e8me) va servir de traducteur<\/strong>&nbsp;pour ne pas avoir \u00e0 utiliser le langage machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/1e64a4b0-dcaf-4185-9a05-c6f29df80ac7\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout d&rsquo;abord, un&nbsp;<strong>syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation<\/strong> (ou OS pour Operating&nbsp;<strong>System<\/strong>), d\u00e9finit un ensemble de programmes charg\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir une relation entre les diff\u00e9rentes ressources mat\u00e9rielles, les applications et l&rsquo;utilisateur. Dans un ordinateur, le&nbsp;<strong>syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation<\/strong>&nbsp;a plusieurs missions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.astuces-aide-informatique.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/systemes-exploitation.jpg\" alt=\"Syst\u00e8me d'exploitation : d\u00e9finition et pr\u00e9sentation des principaux OS\" \/><figcaption>diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;exploitation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffd9be\"><strong>Linux<\/strong>&nbsp;est un&nbsp;<strong>syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation<\/strong>&nbsp;complet et surtout libre, qui peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 en lieu et place de&nbsp;<strong>syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;exploitation<\/strong>&nbsp;commercialis\u00e9s, tels que Windows, de Microsoft. Il est accompagn\u00e9 de nombreux logiciels libres compl\u00e9mentaires, offrant un&nbsp;<strong>syst\u00e8me<\/strong>&nbsp;complet aux utilisateurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On retrouve dans Linux \u00ab\u00a0shell\u00a0\u00bb (coquille) et \u00ab\u00a0kernel\u00a0\u00bb (noyau), qui font partie de l&rsquo;organisation pr\u00e9cise de ce syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation. Ce sont 2 composants de l&rsquo;architecture Unix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quelques vid\u00e9os explicatives :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4OhUDAtmAUo\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4OhUDAtmAUo<\/a> (Histoire des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019exploitation)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YScMI8lsy9s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YScMI8lsy9s<\/a> (Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation ?)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=opBSsNDnAc4\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=opBSsNDnAc4<\/a> (3 id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues sur Linux)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/26\/Netfilter_schema_-_Filter_table_only.png\/500px-Netfilter_schema_-_Filter_table_only.png\" alt=\"Administration r\u00e9seau sous Linux\/Netfilter \u2014 Wikilivres\" \/><figcaption>Administration r\u00e9seau sous Linux<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici les commandes de base en console Linux : <a href=\"https:\/\/doc.ubuntu-fr.org\/tutoriel\/console_commandes_de_base\">https:\/\/doc.ubuntu-fr.org\/tutoriel\/console_commandes_de_base<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff6df;color:#f0b000\"><strong>Se connecter \u00e0 sa machine virtuelle \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un navigateur :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lien \u00e0 taper : <a href=\"https:\/\/172.17.191.244:8006\/\">https:\/\/172.17.191.244:8006\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>cliquer sur param\u00e8tres avanc\u00e9s<\/li><li>cliquer sur \u00ab\u00a0continuer vers le site [&#8230;]<\/li><li>identifiant : NOM ; mot de passe : date de naissance (jjmmaaaa)<\/li><li>d\u00e9marrer la machine virtuelle portant notre nom et ex\u00e9cuter le fichier t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes pour d\u00e9marrer sa machine virtuelle :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"594\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-5-1024x594.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1682\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-5-1024x594.png 1024w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-5-300x174.png 300w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-5-768x446.png 768w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-5.png 1163w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"911\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1686\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-7.png 911w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-7-300x170.png 300w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-7-768x435.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 911px) 100vw, 911px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-8-1024x418.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1687\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-8-1024x418.png 1024w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-8-300x122.png 300w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-8-768x313.png 768w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-8.png 1535w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-9-1024x470.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1689\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-9-1024x470.png 1024w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-9-300x138.png 300w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-9-768x352.png 768w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-9.png 1327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On acc\u00e8de donc \u00e0 notre bureau virtuel :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"866\" height=\"646\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1694\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-11.png 866w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-11-300x224.png 300w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-11-768x573.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Voil\u00e0 notre machine virtuelle pr\u00eate \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On peut alors se servir de la console :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"710\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1697\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-12.png 710w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-12-300x179.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"706\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1698\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-13.png 706w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-13-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ou m\u00eame un navigateur comme Firefox :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"841\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1701\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-14.png 841w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-14-300x199.png 300w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-14-768x510.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 841px) 100vw, 841px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il est donc possible d&rsquo;aller sur le blog de nsi !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"856\" height=\"637\" src=\"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1705\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-15.png 856w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-15-300x223.png 300w, http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/image-15-768x572.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 856px) 100vw, 856px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis le chapitre architecture mat\u00e9rielle nous savons que la machine (mat\u00e9riel informatique) ne comprend que le langage machine. Nous avons utilis\u00e9 l\u2019assembleur pour \u00ab&nbsp;communiquer&nbsp;\u00bb avec elle. La programmation en assembleur n\u2019est pas n\u2019est pas simple comme nous avons pu le constater. Le syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation ou os (operating syst\u00e8me) va servir de traducteur&nbsp;pour ne pas avoir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1669"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1669"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1742,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1669\/revisions\/1742"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/nsi\/raphaelle\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}