{"id":955,"date":"2022-04-22T08:42:34","date_gmt":"2022-04-22T06:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/?p=955"},"modified":"2022-05-05T14:34:32","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T12:34:32","slug":"evolution-forcee-dun-systeme-chimique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/?p=955","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9volution forc\u00e9e d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me chimique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/spe-physique-2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image-2-1024x273.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-718\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/spe-physique-2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-720\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"> Introduction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Les exercices sont ceux du livre Hatier Terminale enseignement de sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Les vid\u00e9os propos\u00e9es peuvent vous donner des id\u00e9es de sujets pour le grand oral.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e9requis page 234<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qcm&nbsp;:<a href=\"http:\/\/hatier-clic.fr\/pct234\">http:\/\/hatier-clic.fr\/pct234<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e9visions et \u00e9chauffements pages 236-237<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/spe-physique-2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ligne-de-s\u00e9paration-page-des-ongles.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-88\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans une r\u00e9action chimique spontan\u00e9e le m\u00e9lange r\u00e9actionnel  \u00e9volue sans apport d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie en se rapprochant de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/spe-physique-2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-716\" width=\"494\" height=\"203\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons vu l&rsquo;exemple de la pile dans lequel une r\u00e9action chimique spontan\u00e9e d\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction produit un courant \u00e9lectrique ( gr\u00e2ce au transfert d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons ) dans un circuit ext\u00e9rieur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une question se pose : un chimiste peut-il forcer un syst\u00e8me chimique \u00e0 \u00e9voluer dans le sens contraire de son \u00e9volution spontan\u00e9e ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9lectrolyse est un exemple de transformation forc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">1) L&rsquo;\u00e9lectrolyse<\/p>\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/spe-physique-2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/electrolyseur-nickel_282016_1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-677 size-thumbnail alignleft\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Un \u00e9lectrolyseur est une cuve munie de deux \u00e9lectrodes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">On relie les deux \u00e9lectrodes \u00e0 un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur ext\u00e9rieur pour imposer le sens du courant \u00e9lectrique inverse de celui obtenu par la r\u00e9action spontan\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>exemple : l&rsquo;\u00e9lectrolyse de l&rsquo;eau<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9alis\u00e9e en Angleterre par Nicholson et Carlisle&nbsp; en 1800 la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e .La pile Volta a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte quelques mois avant en Italie.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Exercice :Ecrire l&rsquo;\u00e9quation bilan de la r\u00e9action qui se produit lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectrolyse de l&rsquo;eau.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.edumedia-sciences.com\/fr\/media\/frame\/713\/?auth=cf3c10641f8f95346adfd5de503a1e9c\/23383\" width=\"350\" height=\"240\"><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Au cours d&rsquo;une \u00e9lectrolyse :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">La borne positive du g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur est reli\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;anode ou se produit l&rsquo;oxydation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">La borne n\u00e9gative est reli\u00e9e \u00e0 la cathode ou se produit une r\u00e9duction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9lectrolyse est utilis\u00e9e dans la production de dihydrog\u00e8ne , d&rsquo;aluminium&nbsp; de chlore, de soude ou encore pour le placage d&rsquo;objets par galvanoplastie.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hNtaeRbhRYk\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\">Exercice r\u00e9solu page 246<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">2) \u00c9tude quantitative<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/spe-physique-2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/image-1024x515.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-692\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\">Exercice r\u00e9solu page 247<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">3) Stockage et conversion d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie chimique<\/p>\n\n\n<p>De nombreux dispositifs permettent de convertir et stocker l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie chimiques .Les piles ,les accumulateurs ,les organismes chlorophylliens.<\/p>\n<p>Ci dessous des exemples avec les enjeux soci\u00e9taux associ\u00e9s<\/p>\n<p><strong>Accumulateur au plomb (batterie de voiture)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H1FAbf9GM8Q\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>batterie de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, pc portable&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ocIUSLtN5wI\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b0akFUh6vgA\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>La pile \u00e0 combustible<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Mo1lWqjJgkw\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.edumedia-sciences.com\/fr\/media\/frame\/952\/?auth=0a622fa5366b65df9a7eab65527a24aa\/23383\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>pour aller plus loin :Comment produire le dihydrog\u00e8ne ?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_sqYx8K_m9c\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/955"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=955"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1005,"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/955\/revisions\/1005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yb-isn.fr\/2021\/spc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}